Rail fastening



Dec. 20, 1938. w. s. BoYcE. 2,140,391

RAIL FASTENING Filed Dec. 2l, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 6 4 y f/ v IIF/W/VMMIII 7 h m m 8 f l Lwwwm.; g n@ z 7 v/ f Flc. I

, WlLLmM 5 BOYCE BY' m, 55% awww l ATTYs.

Dec. 20, 193s. w s, BQYCE A 2,140,891

RAIL FASTENINC- Filed Dec. 21, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 .f 6 a9 f 0 yhwaNToR WsLLmM 5. EaoYE Patented Dec. 20, 1938 UNITED STATES XilidiPATENToFl-lce RAIL FASTENING William S. Boyce, Chicago, Ill.ApplicationDecember 21, 1934, Serial No. 758,569

1'8 claims. (omas-351) This invention has particular reference to animproved means for holding railroad rails in proper place. o

The main objects of the invention are to proa vide a simplified, yeteffective rail fastening which may be manufactured and applied at lowcost; to provide a rail fastening of such a design that it will, in alarge measure, be free from breakage o r impairment as an incidenttobroken down lo or dragging parts of railroad rolling stock; to providea rail fastening which will permit the normal wave motion of therailsincident to the passage of a train thereover; to provide a fasten-- ingmeans which will eiectively retard and minil mize abrasive action on thetie; to provide an arrangement wherein excessive upward movement of therails will bel transferred to the rail fast- -ening structure over awide area so that 'a plurality of materially spaced anchoring devicesmay be employed for resisting such excessive upward movement; to providesuch means which conteml plates in all of the fastenings for any givenlength of track,a denite, vpermanently uniform, and

distributed, movement-retarding pressure on rail vbut insufficient toimpair its normal wave motion; to provide a practical arrangement whichmay be easily and expeditiously assembled and applied in rail layingoperations carried on in accordance with the prevailing method; toprovide such :To a rail fastening ymeans which may be easily disf'Vassembled or removed when occasion requires; and in general, it is theobject of the invention to provide an improved rail fastening of thetype' referred to. V a

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be understood byreference to the following speciiication and accompanying drawingswhere` in there are illustrated several embodiments of rail fasteningsemploying the present invention.

In the drawings (2 sheets): Fig. l is a plan. i l, Fig. 2 is a sectionon the line 2-2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the tie -plateele# ment of the rail fastener.

Figs. 4 and 5 are perspectives of the clip element. Fig. 6 is aperspective of a spring element. Fig. 7 is a fragmentary side elevationof another form of the improved rail fastening. Fig. v8 is asecticn onthe line 8--8 of Fig. '7. Fig. 9 is an end elevation of the structureshown in Fig. '1, as indicated by the line 99` of Fig. '7. Fig. 10 is asection similar to Fig. 2 but showing still another form of the railfastening.

Fig. 11 is a `perspective of a clip element emits compressibility oryieldability when subjected to the imposed loads. SuchA ployed in theform of fastening illustrated in Fig. 10; and

Fig. 12 is a side elevation of still another form of rail fasteningembodying the invention.

Referring now to the drawings, the form of rail fastening illustrated inFigs. 1 to 5 inclusive includes a tie plate I which, in this embodiment,includes a pair of transversely extending shoulders 2l and 3 which arespaced longitudinally of the plate for engaging the side edges of thebase flange of a rail 4 which is seated on the rail seat portion 5 ofthe plate. Such shoulders are conventional in the practical art. For thepurpose of this invention in certain of its forms, the shoulders may bemade slightly higher than is ordinary, while for certain other forms theshoulders may be made of ordinary height.

As indicated in Fig. 2, the rail seat 5 is canted,

and it is preferably cambered or crowned in accordance with theconventional practice or specications -of the railroad purchasing theplates. For thepurposeV of obtaining full seating of the rail on theplate, and as a medium for automatically adjusting or compensating forsurface irregularities between the rail seat area of the plate and thecorresponding bottom surface of the rail base, a wood shim 6 may beinterposed between the'rail-base and rail seat of the tie plate. Thewood shim is preferably of highly compressed wood such as is well knownin the art and the shim brings about the desired result by reason ofunder the rail shms also tend to eliminate objectionable noises incidentto the normal movement of the rail rela-` tive to the tie plate. g

For effectively retaining the rail in the proper I position on the tieplate but withoutpreventing the normal wave motion of the rail, clipfasteners such as indicated at 1'l, and in this instance embodyingsprings 8, are employed. The clips 1 on opposite sides of the rail aresubstantially identical in formation, the only difference being a slightchange'ffin shape to conform the clips respectively to the contours ofthe end portions of the plate on which they are respectively seated.

'Inmaterial respects, the oppositely disposed clips and springs are oflike construction and hence del tailed explanation of one clip will besuicient for the purposes of this specification.

' The clip 1 includes a body portion 9 anda lip portion I0. 'I'he bodyportion' 9 has its bottom surface provided /With a transverselyextendingrecess or channel Il and an opening I2 extending veritcally through thebody portion for receivlng a spike, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. In

ythis instance, a/cut spike I3 is employed and hence the spike hole I2in the clip and a corresponding spike hle I4 in the tie plate, are ofsquare form. It will of course be apparent that a screw spike or anyother suitable form 4is preferably shaped to snugly t the outer and topsurface of the rail abutting shoulder 2 or 3. 'I'he lip II) extendsinwardly into overlying relation to the adjacent portion of the baseflange of the rail 4 and as shown in Fig. 2, is preferably spacedupwardly from the 'top surface of the rail base ange so as to permitlimited vertical movement of the rail incident, for example, to thenormal wave motion of the rail. The upward spacing of the lip I0 thusserves to permit limited vertical movement of the rail without exertinga corresponding lifting force on the clip and tie plate. This isadvantageous in that it avoids an excessive amount ofv spike pullingaction and permits a normal movement of the rail, which has never beensuccessfully prevented in any practicable manner. Attempts to limit thisaction by rigid or semi-rigid rail engaging means result in the plateand tie participating with the rail in its Jvertical motion, developingthereby what is referred to in track parlance as Pumping Track, anobjectionable road-bed disturbing action which materially affectsmaintenance cost and :ridingquality of track Structure.

However, for. those who prefer to prevet relative movement between therail and the tie plate, the clip may obviously be modified by loweringthe lip to cause it to bear on the base flange of the rail.A Y

' 'I'he tie plate shoulders are each provided with an opening or notchI1 which has its sides I8, I8 undercut, as clearly shown in Fig. 3. Theclip I is provided with a lug portion I9 formed integral therewith andshaped,within practicable limits, to Asnugly iit the undercut openingI'I. It will be seenthat the clip may be assembled with the tie plate bymoving the clip endwise toward the rail so that the `lug I 9 of the clipenters and substantially lls the undercut opening I1. Thereupon, thespike I3A or other fastening is applied.

Excessive upward movement of the rail will of course cause the rail baseflange to engage the lip portion I0 of the clip and the excessive upwardmovement' will be transmitted from the clip to the plate through theinterlocked connection formed by the undercut opening I1 and the lug I9.When lifting force is applied to thelip I0 of the clip, it will beapparent that there will be a tendency for, the clip to fulcrum aroundits interlocked connection with the plate, so that the-outer end of theclip body will be pressed into engagement with the tie plate. Thisupward movement of the rail will tendto cause lifting of the plateuniformly over its entire area.

.It desired, the spike I3, ,which locks the clip against endwisedisplacement froni its interflbre affecting tie life. 'to employappropriate springs 20 with the hold locked relation with the plate, maybe relied upon to also hold the tie plate to the tie, and in that event,it would be preferable to use a screw spike- (as illustrated in Figs. 7,8, and 9) in the place of the cut spike I3. This follows, of course,from the fact that a screw spike will resist pulling with greatereifectiveness than a cut spike.

'I'he tie-plate may advantageously be lagged to the tie (not shown)independently of the clip locking spike, by the application of hold downcut spikes or, as shown, screw spikes IS-IG adjacent diagonally opposedcorners or other desired portions of the plate. In the structure shownin Fig. 1, the tie plate is provided with holes adjacent each corner andany selected holes, or all of them, may of course be employed for theindicated purpose.

By reason of the aforesaid tendency of the plate to be lifted uniformlyover its entire area.

no one fastening means is subjected to the entire u,

lifting force and the combined anchoring power of all of the spikes isthe better able to withstand such lifting force.

Excessive upward movement of rail may be resistedor retarded and thenormal wave motion of the rail may be more or less controlled by meansof the springsB inserted between the clip and rail ange. each embody anupturned free end portion 8a adapted to bear on the rail flange, andahintermediate downturned rear end portion h, and the Aunder `surface ofthe clip and forward portionl of lug I9 thereof are recessed to receivethe rear end portion of the clip as clearly illustrated.

The clip, tie plate shoulder and rail iiange cooperate, as best shown inFig. 2,.. toj`house the rear end portion of the spring to thereby lockthe latter in operative position.

The flattened spring is assembled with the clip and moved intoengagement with the rail coincldently with the positioning of the clip.It will be noted that while the spring is functioningagainst the railbase, the spaced relation between the clip and rail base still permitsthe normal vertical rail motion to take place.

The spring serves the further purpose of preventing the eiect of shockon the clip by impact; insures constant firm engagement between the lugI9 and undercut sides I8-I8 of the notch I1, vthereby minimizing wearingaction between the engaging surfaces. The spring also tendsautomatically to adjust or control the play or vibration of the railbetween its seat and the clip.

It should be observed that the load application from rail affecting thetie plate is not when it is immediately over the plate but when it isapproaching and receding from it. This causes a rolling shear action ofthe plate on the tie which develops the abrasive or mechanical wear ontie Therefore it is desirable down spikes I6 to absorb4 and reduce thisrolling shear movement of plate. tend to prevent plate lifting after theplate is embeddedin the tie and hence clattering and other objectionablenoise is avoided.

'I'hus the combination of clip-spring arrangement, and hold down spikewith sprlngsvwill counteract the forces tending to gradualy pull or liftspikes out of tie.

Obviously the number of clips, hold down spikes and springs, as well astheir positioning may be varied from the arrangements shown, to

meet `specified requirements.

'I'he springs 8 herein shownr Such springs also 1 between the tie plateand rail or other undesirable relationship therebetween such as commonlyoccurs in the use oi rail fastenings which require the exercise of humanjudgment in the required frequent or periodic manual adjustment fortheir proper maintenance. Also, a material advantage is gained by theuse of fixed springs such as 8i. e., springs not subject to individualadjustment of their bearing pressures on the rail base flange, sinceimproper adjustment and impairment by tampering or attempted adjustmentcannot readily occur.

Another important feature of the' describedconstruction is found in thefact that the clip fastening arrangement embodies no parts whichprojectupwardly to any great extent. This is important for the reason that itis a very common occurrence on railroads that brake beams, brakes,axles, wheels and other parts, drop down from their normal positions anddrag along and cause derailments or sometimes seriously damage variousless sturdy forms of rail fastening devices which project upwardlymaterially beyond the base flange of the rail. In the arrangement shownin Figs. 1 to 6 inclusive, the heads of the' clip locking spikes are infact below the level of the top surfaces of the lip portion of the-clips and the latter surfaces are not materially elevated above thebase flange of the rail. Hence, any ldragging part'will readily passover the rail fastening without damaging the same. Again, even thoughsome part should ing of `the spike head strike the rail fastening, it iscapable, due to its effective interlocked relation with the plateshoulder, of resisting very great forces, since there is y no long leverarm through which such dragging part can operate to bend or break therail fastening. It shuld also be observed' that even though the head ofthe spike be sheared off, the rail fastening will remain effective solong as any part of the spike shank projects upwardly into the openingI2 of the clip to prevent its lateral movement which is necessary todisengage the interlocking portions of the clip and tie plate.

To facilitate the low seating of the spike head, the clip is providedwith a seat portion I2a for the outwardly extending head of the spike,an inner portion of said seat being countersunk below the top surface ofthe clip body and an outer portion being raised to afford full headsupport for the spike as clearly shown in Fig. 4. This arrangementavoids objectionable weakenthe clip body, provides maximum spike thetie, 'while also maintaining in such relation to the top surface of the.clip that the usual claw bar may be applied for removing the spike whenrequired.

Still another advantage results from the housed or, in effect, enclosedinterlocked connection between the clip and tie plate, whereby theentrance between the parts, of abrasive and corrosive elements islargely prevented.

The shim E between the 'rail base and the tie penetration in lplate seatmay conveniently be anchored against lateral shifting transversely ofthe plate by means of edgewise projecting lug-like or lip portions suchas indicated at 2l, 2l which project Vinto the openings l1 in therespective tie plate shoulders 2 and 3.

In `the rail fastening arrangement shown in Figs. "I, Si, andi), theclip 1 is interlocked with the tie plate by means of an undercut opening22 of inverted T-shape in the tie plate shoulder 3 and a correspondinglyshaped boss or lug i9' on the clip. The clip is also'modifled in-that itis provided .with upwardly extending reinforcing ribs '23, `23 at itsopposite sides. In this instance,

the clip and tie plate are shown as being secured to the tie by means ofa screw spike 24, and it will of course be understood that the spikereceiving openings in the clip and tie are accordingly made roundinstead of square.

A suitable spring such as a coil spring 25 may also be used with thecombined hold down and clip locking spikes as contemplated in Figs. "I,8, andl 9. This arrangement, while perhaps less secure than theindependently lagged arrangement, is similarly effective' while beingless costly. If desired, a flat spring may be employed in this formalso', between the lip of the clip and the base flange of the rail.Obviously since the holding power of the screw spike is manifestlygreater than of the cut spike, this further spring action combinedwiththat of the hold down spikes will tend to insure constant lfull seatingof the plate on the tie in addition to materially contributing towardthe elimination of plate movement above described as well as thatincident to theA tie plate becoming partially embedded in the tie.

In the last described form of construction, the square head 21 of thescrew spike projects upwardly slightly beyond the top of the lip portionof the clip, but this is not seriously objectionable, since the ribs 23,23 of the clip protect the springand spike head and sincev the head ofthe screw spike and the sides of the square head portion 21 thereof arearranged at an angle to the vertical whereby there is a tendency for anystriking object to be diverted without great danger of impairment of thefastening.

In the arrangement shown in Figs. '7 and 8, the compressed wood shim 6is anchored against shifting over the surface of `the tie plate by meansof slight, transversely extending indentations or recesses indicated at28 formed in the tie plate surface and into which portions of the shimare pressed when the shim is subjected to the compressive force ofapplied loads incident Ato trains passing over the supported rail.

. In the form of construction illustrated in Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive,`the tie plate may be rolled in the conventional manner, which is mostdesirable because of its economy, but the fastening clips probablycannot be completed by'rolling operations because of the required lugand spike head formations. vSuch clips will probably require additionalmachining or punching, or they may be made by casting or forgingoperations.

In Figs. and 11, there is illustrated an arrangement in which both thetie plate and clip may be formed in' conventional rolling operations andin which the clips are anchored to the tie plate by means of undercutopenings and tongues, in a manner differing slightly from that I shownin Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive.

the clip cannot be separated from the plate by vertical movement.

For locking the clip against displacement, the clip is provided with aspike-receiving aperture which registers with a corresponding opening inthe plate, and a cut or screw spike such as shownl at 24 may be driveninto the tie through such registering openings.

It should be observed that the lug 29 of the clip and the spike 24 arein diverging relationship, forming a wedging lock or cotter-keyanchorage for preventing displacement of the clip. 'Ihe spacing andpositioning of both the lug and spike may of course be varied-and infact, the spike may be caused to extend through a portion of the lug sothat there is no space between said parts, while still retaining thecutter-key or expanded bolt locking action just explained. lThe lug maybe of any desired depth and thickness so as to either partially orwhollyll the plate opening which receivesthe lug, and it may be observedthat some strength advantage is gained by replacing as much aspracticably possible of the punched out -metal of the plate with themetal of the lug.A

To assist the spike 24 in holding the clip 'against outward lateralmovement, the end portion of the plate may be provided with an upwardlyextending shoulder 3| which engages the rear edge of the clip body. Sucha shoulder for preventing outward lateral movement of the clip may, ofcourse, be employed with the forms of structure shown in Figs. 1 to 9inclusive.-

It will be observed that `the shoulder or boss 3| serves to cooperatewith the spike to resist lateral movement of the clip and thereby-protects the spike against shearing action by the clip and tie plate asan incident to the sources which tend to .effect vlateral movement oftheclip relative to the` tie plate. Such lateral clip movement is of coursealso resisted by engagev ment of the outer face of the lug 29 with theouter wall of the opening 30.

' or like fastening is subjected to a minimum of shearing action. f

To avoid possible excessive weakening of the plate, the lug 29 may. bemade somewhat shorter than the full width of the clip and the opening 30in the plate is of corresponding limited length. The same considerationsuggests the use of relatively short interlocking shoulders and openingsclusive, but itV will be apparent that if desi-red,

' clip body.

in the structure illustrated in Figs. 1 to 9 inthe side to side lengthof the lug may be made the 'same as the 'Ihevclip structure shown inFigs. 10 and 11 is provided with ashoulder portion39 which constitutes,in effect, a continuationy or extension of the rail engaging shoulder 40of the tie plate. This arrangement facilitates the use of a lower tieplate shoulder with consequent metal saving, while still providing forfreedom of wave motion lof the rail or anchorage thereagainst. This clipshoulder arrangement for permitting normal wave motion of the rail,while employing a tie plate shoulder of only normal height, is more'fully disclosed in my Patent No. 1,902,615, and

it may of course be embodied in the other clip forms herein described.

In the form of construction shown in Figs. 10 and 11, the clip issecurely locked to the plate against lifting forces which would tend tolift the plate bodily in a vertical direction.

THowevenras a practical matter, normal lifting Hence, the spike side toside dimensional' the forces are applied against the underside of thelip 32 while the outer or body portion of the clip is held down by thespike 24 or other fastening means. Hence in actual operation, the lipend of the clip is urged to rock upwardly about an axis disposedadjacent the outer end portion of the clip.

'Ihe said upward rocking movement of the lip end of the clip causes thelip-end side of the lug to move upwardly in a more or less arcuate pathof movement and into engagement with the corresponding side of the lugreceiving opening in 'the plate, thereby to resist such upward rockingmovement and displacement of the clip.

The illustrated angular disposition of said side of the lug andcorresponding wall of the opening enhances the positiveness of saidengagement but a lesser angle of inclination or any angular dispositionof the lug to the clip body, and complementary disposition of the holein the tie plate,l

vclip structure itself may Vbe conveniently rolled in long strips whichare subsequently punched' for spikes and sheared to form separate clipsof the desired width. In cases where the lugs 29 are to be of less widththan the clip body, suitable punching or other cutting operations may beemployed for removing end portions of the lug to leave a centered lug ofthe desired width and substan tially as shown in Fig. 11. However, itmay also be possible to roll the strip with centered lugs, certainpractical considerations such as cutting of the strip into separate lugshaving a material bearing on the advisability and practicability ofrolling such centered lugs. In other, probably most, instances, the lugmay be of the same width as the clip body so that the only necessaryoperations in addition to the rolling of the strips, are the common onesof spike hole punching and vshearing the strips into appropriate lengthsor clip Widths. l

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 12, one side of the rail base flange isdisposed under a bent over portion 34 of a shoulder 35 which is formedintegral with the tie plate I and a clip 1 isinterlock-ed with the tieplate through the agency of a lug or shoulder portion 36'which underliesan outwardly bent portion 31 of a shoulder 38 which is also formedintegrally with the tie plate. This construction involves more diiliculttie plate forming operations, especially in respect of the bending or4rollingl over of the shoulders 35 andl 39, but in other respects, itembodies some of the 'advantages above pointed o-ut, especially inconnection with Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive.

'projecting upwardly and formed integral with the tie plate. Such minorrib formations may be spaced transversely of the plate at any suitabledistances and they will of course penetrate ther 75 verticaldisplacement of the clip relative to the amasar shim incident tothepressing down of the shim on the tie plate under passing trains. In Fig.12,v the shim 6 is shown as being anchored to the tie plate by means oftransversely extending rows of minor recesses such as shown in Figs. 'land 8. The recesses may be arranged either in transverse or staggeredrelationship, preferably the latter.

Otherchanges and modifications of the structure may be made withoutdeparting from the spirit of the invention, the scope of which should bedetermined by reference to the following claims, the same beingconstrued as broadly as possible consistent with vthe state of the art.

I claim: l

1. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate having a railabutting shoulder intermediate its opposite ends and'provided with anundercut opening, a clip having a body portion seated on a portion ofthe tie plate outwardly of said shoulder and a lip portion projectinginwardly beyond said shoulder for overlying the base flange of a railwhen seated on' the tie plate, said clip having a shoulder portionconstituting, in effect, a vertical extension of said tie plate shoulderand said lip extending into said overlying relation in upwardly spacedrelation to such base flange, said clip having means integral therewithfor entering said undercut opening to lock the clip` to the tie plateagainst vertical displacement, the plate and clip when assembled havingregistering openings for receiving a spike or the like for locking theclip to the tie to thereby prevent disengagement of said verticallocking means.

2. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate having a railabutting shoulder provided with an undercut opening, anda clip having onits under side a tie plate shoulder engaging portion and a lug formedintegrally with the clip for entering said undercut opening to form aninterlocked connection with the tie plate to prevent tie plate, saidclip also having a portion projecting beyond said shoulder and adaptedto overlie a base flange portion of a rail seated on the tie plate tohold the rail in operative relation to the plate, said interlockedconnection being in effect housed under the clip whereby the entrance ofabrasive and corrosive elements to said interlocked connection isretarded.

3. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate having'a railabutting shoulder intermediate its opposite ends, said shoulder beingprovided with an undercut opening extending transversely therethrough, aclip having a body portion seated .on said shoulder and on al portion ofthe tie plate outwardly of said shoulder and a lip portion projectinginwardly beyond said shoulder for overlying the base flange of a railseated on the tie plate, said clip having means integralv therewith forentering said undercut opening to lockthe clip to the tie plate againstvertical displacement, said means constituting, in

effect, replacement of a major portion of the shoulder portion removedin the formation of said undercut opening, and means for holding theclip against lateral displacement to thereby prevent disengagement ofsaid vertical locking means.-

4. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plateprovided with anundercut opening,v a: having a body portion seated on the'top sury clipface of an end portion of the tie plate and engaging said top surfaceadjacent said opening so as to obstruct access to said opening, saidclip 'ing registering openings plate against lateral displacement havinga lip portion projecting inwardly for overlying the base flange of arail seated on the tie plate and having underlying, means integraltherewith and disposed inwardly from all sides of the clip for enteringsaid undercut opening to lock the clip to the tie plate against verticaldisplacement, the clip body serving, when the clip is locked to theplate, to substantially cover said lug and opening to thereby furtherobstruct access to said opening, thereby to resist the entrance ofabrasive and corrosive agents into said opening, and relativelyindependent means for locking the clip to the tie plate against lateraldisplacement.

5. In a. rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate provided with aconventional rail thrust resisting shoulder and having an undercutopening, and a clip having a body portion shaped to substantiallyconform to the contour of said shoulder and the top of the adjacent endportion of the tie plate and having a lip portion projecting inwardlyfor overlying the base flange of a rail seated on the tie plate, saidclip being seated on and supported by said shoulder and tie plate endportion, andA having underlying means inthe clip and plate to preventvertical displacement of the clip from the plate, said plate and cliphav-v for receiving a spike or the like for locking the clip to theplate against lateral displacement to thereby prevent disengagement ofsaid vertical locking means.

6. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate provided witha-conventional shoulder and having an undercut' opening, and a cliphaving a body portion shaped to substantially conform to the contour ofsaid shoulder and the top of the adjacent end portion of the tie plateand having a lip portion projecting inwardly for overlying the baseflange of a rail seated on the tie plate, said clip being seated on andsupported by said shoulder and tie plate end portion, and havingunderlying means integral therewith for entering said undercut openingto lock the clip to the tie plate against vertical displacement', saidunderlying means constituting a replacement inl the plate of a majorportion of the metal removed therefrom toform said opening, and cliphaving registering lopenings for receiving a spike or the like forlocking the clip to the plate against lateral displacement lto therebyprevent disengagement of said vertical locking means.

'7. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate having a railabutting shoulder intermediate its oppositey ends, a clip having portionseated on an end portion of` the plate outwardly'of said shoulder and alip portion projecting inwardly beyond said shoulder for overlying thebase flange of a rail seatedv on the plate,

-said plate having an inclined opening in said end portion, extendingangularly. downwardly and towards said shoulder, said clip havingdepending means integral therewith for entering said inclined. opening"and`having an inclined portion `for cooperatingv with a wall portion ofsaid inclined opening, said plate .end portion and said [clip alsohaving registering openings aligned at a body the plate an angle to theinclination of said opening, and" relatively independent locking meansextending through said registering openings and cooperating with said.depending means to form a cotterkey or expanded bolt lock for preventingvertical displacement of the clip.

8. In a rail fastening,

the combination of a tie 75 tion,

plate having a rail abutting shoulder intermediate its opposite ends, aclip having a body portion seated on an end portion of the plateoutwardly of said shoulder and a lip portion projecting inwardly beyondsaid shoulder for overlying the base flange of a rail seated on theplate, said plate having an inclined opening in said end porextendingangularly downwardly and towards said shoulder, and said clip havingdepending-means integral therewith for entering said inclined openingand having an inclined portion for cooperating with a wall portion ofsaid inclined opening, said plate end portion and said clip also havingregistering openings aligned at an angle to the inclination of saidopening, relatively independent locking means extending through saidregistering openings and cooperating with saidI depending means to forma cotterkey or expanded bolt lock for preventing vertical displacementof the clip, and means on the plate for engaging a portion of the clipto cooperate with said independent locking means to prevent-displacement of the clip and serving to protect said independentlocking means against shearing tendency incident to forces tending toeffect lateral movement of the clip relative to the plate.

9. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate having a railabutting shoulder of substantially conventional proportions providedwith an undercut opening, and a clip having on its under side a tieplate shoulder engaging portion and a lug formed integral with the clipfor entering said undercut opening to form an inter-- locked connectionwith thevtie plateA toprevent vertical displacement of the clip relativeto the tie plate, said lug and opening being interengageable bysubstantially horizontal movement of the clip towards said shoulder,said clip also having a portion projecting beyond said shoulder andadapted to overlie a base ange portion of a rail seated on the tieplateto etain the rail in operative relation to the plate, said Vlugandy undercut opening being of less width than the Width of the clip sothat said interlocked connection is, in effect, housed under the clip tothereby resist entrance of abrasive and corrosive agents into saidundercut opening.

10. In a rail fastening, a tie plate having a rail thrust resistingshoulder, a clip secured to an end'portion of said plate and having alipprojecting beyond said shoulderto overlie the base ange of a rail seatedon the plate, anda leaf spring having an end portion housed between saidclip and tie plate for positioning the spring, and anotherportion-interposed between said lip and flange and yieldingly urging thelatter to its seat on -the plate.

11. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate having a railseat intermediate lts opposite ends, a clip having a body portionseatedon an end portion of the plate outwardly of said seatand a lipportion projecting inwardly for overlying the base flange of a rail onsaid seat, said end portion of the plate/having an inclined openingextending angularly downwardly and t0- ward said seat, the clip havingdepending means entering said inclined opening and having an inclinedportionv cooperating with a wall of the inclined opening, said. plateend portion and clip also having registering openings aligned at anangle to the inclination of said first opening andV ,separate therefrom,and relatively independent locking means extending through saidregistering openings and cooperating with said depending means to form acotter-key or expanded bolt lock for preventing vertical displacement ofthe clip.

12. In a rail fastening, the combination of a tie plate having a railseat intermediate its opposite ends, a clip having a body portion seatedon an end portion of the plate outwardly of said seat and a lip portionprojecting inwardlyA for overlying the base flange of a rail on saidseat, said end portion of the plate having an inclined opening extendingangularly downwardly and toward said seat, the clip having dependingmeans entering said inclined opening and having an inclined portioncooperating with a wall of the inclined opening, said plate end portionand `clip also having registering openings aligned at an angle to theinclination of said first opening and separate therefrom, relativelyindependent locking means extending through said registering openingsand cooperating with said.

depending means to form an expanded bolt lock for preventing verticaldisplacement of the clip, and a shoulder on the plate for resisting sidethrusts of said frail and engaging a portion of the clip to cooperatewith said independent lock-l ing means to prevent displacement of theclip4 the shoulder serving to protect said locking means against theshearing action incident to forces tending to effect lateral movement ofthe clip relative to the plate.

13. In a rail fastening, a tie plate, a clip secured to an end portionof said plate and having a lip projecting toward the intermediateportion of the plate and adapted to overlie the base flange of a railseated on the plate. and a leaf spring having an end portion clampedbetween the clip and tie plate for positioning theV clip, and anotherportion extending under the lip for yieldingly urging said base angeagainst ,its seat on the plate'.

14. In combination, Aa tie plate having a rail thrust-resistingshoulder, a rail seated on the plate and having a base iiange, a clipsecured to an end portion of the plate and having a lip projectingbeyond said shoulder to overlie the base flange of the rail, and a leafspring having an end portion clamped between said shoulder and the baseange of the rail for positioning the spring, and another portionextending under the 4lip and yieldingly urging said base ilange againstits seat on the plate.

15. In combination, a tie plate having a rail thrust-resisting shoulder,a rail seated on the plate and having a base flange, a clip secured toan end portion of the plate and having a lip pro- .ecting 'beyond saidshoulder to overlie the base flange of the rail, and a leaf springhaving a portion clamped between said clip and shoulder and anotherportion .clamped between said shoulder and base flange of the rail, theleaf 'spring' extending inwardly over the base flange and yieldirgl;urging the same against its seat on the p a y 16. A tie plate having aseat for a rail and a recess adapted to receive a portion of a leafspring for yieldingly urging the base flange of the rail against itsseat, the recess being so located that said portion of the spring ispositioned Ktherein by the side of the rail base flange when clamped insaid recess, the other end of the spring being adapted to yieldinglyurge th'e base flange of said rail against its seat.

18. In a rail fastening, a tie plate having a rail seat and a railabutting shoulder provided with an undercut opening in the side of theshoulder opposite said seat, and a clip seated on the tie plate andhaving a lug entering said undercut opening .to form an interlockedconnection with l0 the tie plate to prevent vertical displacement of theclip relative to the tie plate, said clip also having a portionprojecting beyond said shoulder and adapted to overlie the base flangeof a rail seated on the tie plate to hold the rail in operative relationto the plate, said interlocked oonnection being in effect housed underthe clip whereby the entrance of abrasive and corrosive elements to saidconnection is retarded.

WILLIAM S. BOYCE,

